浅析利用情报信息实施“精确打击”刑事犯罪的条件及模式

实施"精确打击"刑事犯罪,最重要的是综合利用情报信息,包括对犯罪情报信息的采集、分析和利用,实现犯罪打击从粗放型向集约型的转变。应充分认识"精确打击"的适用条件和要求,运用犯罪信息指导防控模式和打击刑事犯罪的信息导侦模式,对犯罪实施精确防控与打击。     

Measuring the impact of law enforcement on organized crime

This article explores the possibility of measuring the impact of law enforcement on organized crime in a reliable and accountable manner, both in general terms and with a practical focus on the Canadian context. In considering measures to combat organized crime, a focus on process measurement has obscured the more substantial question of progress as regards the dependent variable itself: the bottom line of reducing the impact of organized criminal behaviour. While outcome measures are more challenging to identify than process measures, this fact alone does not minimize the need to demonstrate the connection between organized crime enforcement and its presumed outcomes to a greater degree of certainty. To date, this has not been realized to any significant degree, as revealed by a review of existing international approaches to measuring the impact of enforcement activity. The article argues that a multidisciplinary focus on community level indicators of crime, if initially less accessible than process measures of impact on organized crime groups, offers promise as a measurement of absolute and relative impact of state investment in enforcement.

Ambient Intelligence, Criminal Liability and Democracy

In this contribution we will explore some of the implications of the vision of Ambient Intelligence (AmI) for law and legal philosophy. AmI creates an environment that monitors and anticipates human behaviour with the aim of customised adaptation of the environment to a person’s inferred preferences. Such an environment depends on distributed human and non-human intelligence that raises a host of unsettling questions around causality, subjectivity, agency and (criminal) liability. After discussing the vision of AmI we will present relevant research in the field of philosophy of technology, inspired by the post-phenomenological position taken by Don Ihde and the constructivist realism of Bruno Latour. We will posit the need to conceptualise technological normativity in comparison with legal normativity, claiming that this is necessary to develop democratic accountability for the implications of emerging technologies like AmI. Lastly we will investigate to what extent technological devices and infrastructures can and should be used to achieve compliance with the criminal law, and we will discuss some of the implications of non-human distributed intelligence for criminal liability.

Traveling AI-essentialism and national AI strategies: A comparison between South Korea and France

In this paper, I investigate what common discourses National AI Strategies (NAISs) share and how they have unfolded differently in diverging national contexts. For this purpose, I compare the South Korean and French cases by relying on the notions of sociotechnical imaginary and future essentialism. I analyze (1) the emergence of the common discourses, which I call AI-essentialism, over the past decade; (2) the development of imaginaries around IT in Korea and France in the twentieth century, namely technological developmentalism and the American challenge, respectively; and (3) the integration of the traveling AI-essentialism and nationally embedded imaginaries of IT into each country's NAISs. The analysis indicates that: (1) AI-essentialism incorporated discursive strategies, enabling political and industrial leaders to naturalize AI development, hence justifying increased investments in the field; (2) two countries' imaginaries of IT diverged due to the successes and failures throughout the second half of the twentieth century; and (3) while two countries' NAISs share AI-essentialism's discursive instruments, their specific measures and unfolding have varied in relation to each case's existing imaginaries of IT.     

论侦查人员素质

侦查人员站在犯罪的对立面,肩负着查清案件事实、收集证据、查缉案犯、揭露犯罪等艰巨任务。特殊的工作对象、性质与任务,决定了侦查人员应当具有较高的素质要求,概述为较高的政治修养,强健的体魄,熟练的侦查技能及相关业务知识。随着社会的发展,犯罪已向专业化、智能化和科技化的趋势发展,要求我们的侦查人员也必须做到在熟练掌握传统侦查业务的同时,还应通晓科技手段,了解自然学科和侦查临近学科如心理学、社会学．以及它们在侦查领域的运用。     

从数字资源开发看公安特色数据库的建设与发展

公安文献信息数字资源主要来自公安机关、院校、协会等建立的特色数据库;建设特色数据库应全面掌握公安业务信息,深入了解公安学科专业设置状况,在与其它公安院校合作的基础上,建立起具有鲜明学科、专业特色的数据库体系,以便更好地为用户提供高质量的专业化服务。     

人工智能技术应用会减少制造业企业的就业机会吗？ ——以珠江三角洲制造业企业为例

在人工智能背景下，智能化转型成为许多企业的发展方向，然而在智能化设备代替人类工作者的过程中，新技术是否会带来失业问题成为社会讨论的焦点。本研究通过对珠江三角洲部分制造业企业进行问卷调查，并从智能化升级前后的员工总体数量变化、具体部门人数变化、员工工资收入变化以及企业的人力资源需求变化等四个方面进行分析。研究结果显示： (1)人工智能技术对企业员工存在一定程度的替代效应，但 效果并不明显；(2)人工智能技术对部门结构进行重塑，将员工引向与人工智能技术相关的工作岗位上： (3)人工智能技术在企业中的应用对转岗员工收入的提升起到积极作用： (4)人工智能技术的各项优势以及在企业中起到的积极作用并不意味着劳动者被淘汰，反而增加了企业的劳动力需求。     

The Influence of Emotional Labor and Emotional Intelligence on Job Performance: Does Ownership Type Matter? A Comparison of Public and Private Organizations in China

ABSTRACT

Given the limited knowledge about the effect of contextual factors of organizational ownership types on emotional labor, this research addresses two main questions: (1) whether emotional labor varies among organizations with different ownership types; and (2) whether emotional labor and emotional intelligence relate to job performance in different ways in public and private organizations. This paper examines the research questions with 306 self-report questionnaires from the public sector, domestic privately-owned enterprises and foreign-invested firms in China. Significant differences were found in the emotional labor reported in public and private organizations. Overall, emotional labor was found to have a significant effect on in-role performance, and emotional intelligence moderated the link between emotional labor and job performance in public organizations, but not in private organizations.     

人工智能与公共管理研究:技术可能性、议题重构和治理创新

人工智能对于人类社会的变革影响引起了公共管理领域的普遍重视,但在强人工智能以及人工智能必然导致自动化、智能化社会形态的前提假设下,相关研究可能继承了技术决定论的局限思维,从而低估了人工智能对于人类社会的潜在贡献。自然科学视角对于强人工智能的否定揭示了人工智能所具有的多种技术可能性,在此基础上从个体、组织、全球三个层面的议题重构更多强调人类自身以及人类社会活动的产物对于人工智能发展及其社会变革过程的影响,而由此启发学科、制度、政策三方面治理创新进而推动相关理论和实践以更为开放的态度面对新技术带来的变革与影响。     

On the Legal Regulation of Algorithms

Increasingly, algorithms challenge legal regulations, and also challenge the right to explanation, personal privacy and freedom, and individual equal protection. As decision-making mechanisms for human-machine interaction, algorithms are not value-neutral and should be legally regulated. Algorithm disclosure, personal data empowerment, and anti-algorithmic discrimination are traditional regulatory methods relating to algorithms, but mechanically using these methods presents difficulties in feasibility and desirability. Algorithm disclosure faces difficulties such as technical infeasibility, meaningless disclosure, user gaming and intellectual property right infringement. And personal data empowerment faces difficulties such as personal difficulty in exercising data rights and excessive personal data empowerment, making it difficult for big data and algorithms to operate effectively. Anti-algorithmic discrimination faces difficulties such as non-machine algorithmic discrimination, impossible status neutrality, and difficult realization of social equality. Taking scenarios of algorithms lightly is the root cause of the traditional algorithm regulation path dilemma. Algorithms may differ in attributes due to specific algorithmic subjects, objects and domains involved. Therefore, algorithm regulation should be developed and employed based on a case-by-case approach to the development of accountable algorithms. Following these development principles, specific rules can be enacted to regulate algorithm disclosure, data empowerment, and anti-algorithmic discrimination.